Volcanic Eruption

Volcanic Eruption 

Volcanic activity are typically related to the tectonic plates, with most volcanoes being located near active plate boundaries. Two-thirds of all active volcanoes are above sea level on earth are located within the Pacific "Ring of Fire" according to the book on page (128). 

Pakistan is not in danger of an volcanic eruption. The nearest island I found that has volcanic activity is Indonesia on the island of  Jakarta the name is Lesser Sunda Agung. Indonesia is the country that contains the most active volcanos in the world. The Eurasian plate, Pacific plate and Indonesia plate-Australian plate are three active tectonic plates that the subduction zone that form these volcanos and the country has about 129 volcanos which are showing active and are being carefully monitored by the Centre of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (Natural Disaster). According to the article Natural Disaster  "the weak state of infrastructure and property in combination with the high population density imply that natural disasters in Indonesia may cause more casualties than they should because it will require smaller force to make a building collapse" and over 5 million people are living in the "danger zone" as soon as they see any danger, they will immediately evacuate. The article continues on saying there is at least one significant volcano eruption in Indonesia every year, usually there is no great damage to the environment or casualties (ND). A positive development to volcano eruptions are that less life's are taken than the past because of a better methods are applied. Many locals refuse to leave their childhood because of a volcanos. I couldn't really find more what the country is doing beside warning people. 

Work Cited

https://jasonjutablog.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/volcano_cutaway_jasonjuta.jpg

http://www.wkrg.com/news/international/volcanic-activity-reported-in-indonesia

www.indonesia-investments.com/business/risks/natural-disasters

KELLER, EDWARD A.. DEVECCHIO, DUANE E. NATURAL HAZARDS: earths processes as hazards, disasters, and catastrophes (fourth edition). ROUTLEDGE, 2016

Pakistan earthquakes

Earthquakes

For week 3, earthquakes in Pakistan. But first a brief introduction to earthquakes in general to understand the effects of earthquakes and why earthquakes occur, first we need to know the causes of these boundaries. Earthquakes occur along the plate where the earths crust which is the weakest part known as the fault. A fault is a semi-planar fracture system where rocks have been moved to the other side (Keller 55). The earth is a dynamic evolving system in which the movement of tectonic plates results in the formation and destruction of ocean basins and uplifts mountains, and the process is active along the boundaries of the phosphoric plates where faulting occurs (Keller 54). In Keller, geologists use centuries old mining terminology to describe the rocks and that are displaced across the faults, because many early mines were dug into the earth along inclined surfaces to mine mineralized ore veins along fault zones (55). Most importantly, when a fault rupture occurs such as rocks breaking apart suddenly and violently. It releases a stored elastic strain energy in the form of seismic waves which produces a strong motion that passes through the ground under our feet that we perceive as a earthquake which cracks the ground and damages buildings and others structures (Keller 59).  

Pakistan's earthquakes history and what are they doing to prevent these events from occurring.

An example"A major earthquake shook Pakistan on Saturday, October 8, 2005, at 8:50 a.m. The epicenter of this magnitude 7.6 quake was about 65 miles north-northeast of Islamabad, the country’s capital. At least 86,000 people were killed, more than 69,000 were injured, and extensive damage resulted in northern Pakistan. The heaviest damage occurred in the Muzaffarabad area of Kashmir" (Tuz). Also the more I researched about Chi Tuz, their a foundation that helps people who have suffered from a major natural tragedy and trying to do their part to the community. What is Pakistan's government doing to prevent earthquakes from happening, i was reading an article that said what the government says only looks good on paper but in person have nothing to show for. From the article "Pakistan 'nowhere near prepared for another major disaster" measures introduced by the Pakistan government to reduce the risk and impact of disasters may look good on paper, but the reality is marked differently, according to a research study commissioned by the Disaster Emergency Committee. Also, Pakistan  is nowhere near prepared for another major disaster like as the example in 2010, and isn't even prepared for the much smaller disasters you would expect in a country with the geography and other issues they face. 

work cited 

https://pt.slideshare.net/rizwansamor/seismicity-of-pakistan

Chi, Tuz. “2005 Kashmir Earthquake.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Wikipedia/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquake

Pakistan 'nowhere near prepared for another major disaster

Pakistan Tectonic plates

Pakistan Tectonic plates

For week 2 tectonic plates are responsible for many devastating natural hazards also including earthquakes, volcanoes and etc (Keller 34). There are three types of different boundaries of tectonic plates; divergent, convergent, and transform. Which are defined with the relative movement of the earth's boundary. Divergent boundaries occur when our neighbors parts of the plates are moving away from each other and a new lithosphere is being formed (Keller 36). Convergent boundaries occurs when the plates are moving towards each other (Keller 36). Finally, Transform boundary occurs when both of the edges of the plates slide past each other, like what happened to the San Andrea's fault (Keller 38). With the 21th century biologists and geologists have an educated understanding of the evolution of change in how the earth works, such as the direction of the plate movement, distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes eruptions.

First of all, Pakistan's tectonic plates is split along the boundary of Indian and Eurasian between Sindh and Punjab. With the images Pakistan is in between the Indian plate, Eurasian plate and also is near the Arabian plate provided in the Esri plate map. For myself who has sent 8 years of his life in Pakistan, i have never experience any natural hazards lucky to say but have seen them on locate new.

                                                               Work Cited
KELLER, EDWARD A.. DEVECCHIO, DUANE E. NATURAL HAZARDS: earths processes as hazards, disasters, and catastrophes (fourth edition). ROUTLEDGE, 2016
http://paleopix.com/blog
http://www.earthobservatory.sg/news/pakistan-earthquake-and-mud-volcano-24-sep-2013